Chapter 1: What Is in a Human Genome? 

1. Do inherited traits only include physical traits that we can see? If not, what are some other types of inherited traits?

2. Explain how DNA carries and maintains information. How can a gene exist in more than one form?

3. How do DNA, genes, chromosomes, and genomes relate to one another?

4. What is DNA profiling? What are some uses of DNA profiling?

5. Describe some social issues that arise from technologies based on genetics.

Chapter 2: Cells 

1. How do diploid cells differ from haploid cells? What is the purpose of each type of cell?

2. What are organelles? Describe the structure and function (role) of the following organelles: 

• Nucleus
• Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• Ribosomes
• Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• Golgi apparatus
• Lysosomes
• Mitochondria

3. Describe the phases of the cell cycle and of mitosis. What happens when the cell cycle becomes uncontrolled?

4. What are some applications of stem cells in health care?

5. What is the human microbiome and how does it affect our health?

Chapter 3: Meiosis, Development, and Aging

1. How are mitosis and meiosis similar? How are they different?

2. Describe how the processes and timing of spermatogenesis and oogenesis differ. 

3. Does the mother or father determine the sex of the offspring? What is the SRY gene?

4. Explain why most birth defects that develop during the embryonic period are more severe than problems that arise during fetal development.

5. Describe some genes that are known to influence aging. 

Chapter 4: Single-Gene Inheritance 

1. The presence of freckles (F) is dominant to the absence of freckles (f). Using Punnett squares, determine the phenotypic and genotypic ratios that you would expect from the following crosses: 

• Parent 1: Homozygous dominant Parent 2: Homozygous recessive
• Parent 1: Heterozygous Parent 2: Homozygous recessive
• Parent 1: Homozygous recessive Parent 2: Homozygous recessive
• Parent 1: Heterozygous Parent 2: Heterozygous

2. Having dimples is dominant to not having dimples. Mary has dimples but her father does not. Mary has a child with James, who does not have dimples. What is the probability that this child will have dimples?

3. Brown eyes (B) are dominant to blue eyes (b). The presence of freckles (F) is dominant to the absence of freckles (f). What is the probability that two people who are heterozygous for both traits will have a child that has blue eyes and no freckles?

4. What is a pedigree and how is it used? Explain how the inheritance pattern of a dominant trait might differ from that of a recessive trait within a family.

5. Define the laws of segregation and independent assortment. Explain how a Punnett square can illustrate both of these laws.