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this is document :

Air pollution: what do we know about its effects on health?
Fine particles or nanoparticles, invisible pollutants in the air have known harmful effects leading to premature death.

An ecological drama, pollution is also a major public health issue. Every day, thousands of liters of air loaded with pollutants infiltrate the body. Fine particles, carbon monoxide, ozone, nitrogen and sulfur dioxide are responsible for 48,000 deaths a year in France, making pollution the third cause of death after tobacco and alcohol. The main culprits are nanoparticles. Produced by wood heating, diesel engines and industry, they are all the more harmful because once in the air, they trap other toxins (heavy metals, hydrocarbons) before being inhaled and diffused via the bloodstream into all organs.

Effects on the respiratory system:
In the short term and even at low levels of exposure, pollution causes irritation of the nose and throat. But because nanoparticles infiltrate into the pulmonary alveoli, they also aggravate chronic conditions such as asthma or bronchopathy. This risk is particularly alarming in children, whose developing lungs can be significantly impaired. In the long term, exposure to pollutants promotes the development of lung cancer, especially when combined with other risk factors such as smoking.

Cardiovascular effects
The majority of air pollution-related deaths are due to heart disease. By triggering inflammatory phenomena, pollution activates blood coagulation, a factor in clots and thromboses. During the famous pollution peaks, there is also a resurgence of myocardial infarctions and strokes. According to the WHO, one in three fatal strokes is even attributable to pollution. In the long term, degraded air causes coronary heart disease and arrhythmias, which are also potentially lethal.

Effects on the fetus
Studies on pregnant rats have shown that the particles cross the placental barrier, with devastating effects on the unborn child. Women exposed to pollution during pregnancy risk delayed fetal development, premature delivery, or the birth of a small baby. Children who will, in turn, be at greater risk of developing respiratory diseases.

Neurological effects
The link between pollution and neurodegenerative diseases (dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) is a recent subject of study and is still being discussed. Captured by the olfactory nerve, the nanoparticles would be transported to the brain, causing neuro-inflammation. A 2017 study in Ontario showed that people living within 50 metres of a highway had a slightly higher risk (7%) of suffering from dementia. However, no clear causal link has yet been established.

What are the solutions? Ambitious fine-particle pollution reduction policies, however, can significantly reduce the effects of pollution. In Tokyo, for example, anti-diesel measures implemented as early as 1999 reduced respiratory mortality by 22%. According to French Public Health, 34,000 lives could be saved each year if all French municipalities reduced their particulate matter levels to the same level (5%) as the least polluted cities.