Chapter 8: The Métis

An Emerging Identity in the West:Who were the Métis? What was their language, culture and economy? What is the location of the Red River? 

Conflict at Red River What was the initial conflict between the new colonists and the Red River Métis? What was the Pemmican Proclamation? What happened at the Battle of Seven Oaks? Why did the Red River Metis migrate further west?

Red River Resistance, 1869: Why did the Metis sought help from Louis Riel when the surveyors appeared? Who was Louis Riel? What was the Bill of Rights that the provisional government created in order to negotiate terms? What was the difference in perspective between the Anglophones and the Francophones in Red River? What was the significance ofThomas Scott? 

The Creation of Manitoba: What was the Manitoba Act? What happened when the government soldiers arrived? Why did Louis Riel escape to the United States?

Second Métis Uprising, 1885: What were the grievances held by the Métis which were ignored by the Canadian government? How could the Canadian Government have avoided this second uprising? What actions did the Métis take? Why did Louis Riel return and why did it lead to the Northwest resistance of 1885? How did the government react? What was the fate of Louis Riel and the consequences for the Métis of the uprising? 

Chapter 9: Growth in the West

Securing the Land: How did the Canadian government secure land in the West? Why were the North-West Mounted Police established and what was the role of the NWMP?

Building the Iron Road: What was the National Policy? How was the transcontinental railway built? What impact did it have especially on First Nations? 

Farming the Frontier: What were conditions like for the first settlers? What were the different experiences of Ontarians, Mennonites and Icelanders? 

Helping Industry: What were the reasoning for the use of tariffs; What changes in industry happened? 

Chapter 10: Expanding Confederation

British Columbia joins Confederation: What happened during the gold rush? What First Nations were in British Columbia? Why did B.C join Confederation? What was Vancouver like at this time? 

Prince Edward Island joins Confederation: Why was PEI rethinking Confederation? What deal was achieved? Who were the Acadians of PEI and the Island Mi’kmaq?

Two New Provinces in the West: Why did the North-West Territories seek provincial status? What were the issues resolving minority rights (language and religion) and other key issues? How was a provincial capital chosen? 

Newfoundland and Confederation: What reasons were there for Newfoundland to rethink joining Confederation? What was the decision-making process in Newfoundland around joining Confederation? What were the consequences of Confederation? What was the impact on First Nations and Inuit>