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QUESTION 1:</span></p> <p><span class="s1">Detail the components of state bureaucracy and the issues surrounding representativeness and responsiveness.</span></p> <p><span class="s1">Your response should be at least 200 words in length.</span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span class="s1">State bureaucracies are defined as a former hierarchy of government in the state comprising leaders, managers, executives and clerical staff. State bureaucracies typically come with a set hierarchy, policies and guidelines which members of the bureaucracy have to adhere to, as well as defined responsibilities for managing difference aspects of government, such as financing, education and regulation. Bureaucracies are also typically governed by formal rules and are comprised of multiple specialised departments, each of which takes charge of a specific domain of policy, such as the treasury, justice, agriculture, commerce, labor, energy, education, transportation, housing and urban development, and defence sectors. There are several issues linked to state bureaucracies, such as inefficiency, unrepresentativeness and poor responsiveness. Foremost, state bureaucracies are well known for being inefficient and poor in responding to the needs of their constituents. Frequently, state bureaucracies may be divorced from the needs and concerns of their constituents on the ground, and may not be able to accurately translate constituent concerns into practical policy actions. Secondly, state bureaucracies are often criticised for being poor in representation. State bureaucracies are frequently considered poor performers when it comes to diverse representation in terms of gender, ethnicity and sexual orientation. (Thielemann and Stewart, 1996) This is XXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XX typically tasked with implementing policies that are XXXXX to safeguard XXX interests of a broad range of XXXXXX XXXXXXXX. However, a non-XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXX XX XX so. XX XXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXX bureaucracy XX XXXXX XXXX as a functional XXXXX which XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX represent or serve constituent XXXXX. For XXXXXXX, XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX have XXXX XXXXXXX of XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX in order XX XXXXXXXX justifying XXXXX own mandates, XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX. (Selden, XXXX) XXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XX XX XXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXX needs XX XX done to reform state bureaucracies to XX more representative XXX effective.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">References</span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">Park, S. (XXXX). Does XXXXXX XXXXXX? The effect of gender representation of XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX on governmental performance.<em>XXX XXXXXXXX Review of Public Administration</em>,<em>XX</em>(2), XXX-242.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">Selden, S. C. (XXXX).<em>XXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in a XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX</em>. XXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="s1">XXXXXXXXXX, X. S., & Stewart XX, J. (XXXX). A demand-side XXXXXXXXXXX XX the importance of representative bureaucracy: AIDS, ethnicity, gender, XXX sexual XXXXXXXXXXX.<em>XXXXXX Administration XXXXXX</em>, XXX-173.</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="XX">QUESTION 2:</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">Explain in what ways states XXXXXX, privatize, XXX reinvent government, XXX XXXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXX problems XXXX can XXXXX as a XXXXXX of these XXXXXXX in metropolitan areas.</span></p> <p><span class="XX">Your XXXXXXXX should be XX least XXX words in length.</span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">XXXXXX reform, privatise XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX in a XXXXXX XX XXXX, and XXXX XXX create a XXXX of associated XXXXXXXX XX a result of these XXXXXXX in XXXXXXXXXXXX areas. </span><span class="s1">Foremost, technologies XXXX as XXXXXXXXXX intelligence, XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX and chatbots XXXX allowed states XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX on XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX such data to XXXXXXX more customised XXX XX-XXXXXX forms of XXXXXXXXXX services to their constituents.<span XXXXX="Apple-converted-space"> </span>(McNutt XX al, 2018) These XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX given XXXXXXXXXXX XXX tools XX start public innovation labs in order to XXXXXX XXXX efficient and XXXXXXXXX ways XX engage XXX general XXXXXX. XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX occasionally XXXXXXXXXX public services such as prisons, healthcare XXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXX stakeholders XXXX as XXXXXXXXX. XXX example, XXXXXXX XXXXXXX have XXXX a XXX form XX privatised XXXXX funded education, while the XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX security XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX has XXX XX XXX rise XX XXX so-called 'prison XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX', XXXX these companies XXXXXXXX for an XXXXXXXXX XX the federal XXXXXX XXXXXX to maintain XXXXX corporate budgets. Thirdly, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX sought to reform the system XX cleaning up XXXXXXXX finance XXXX, XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in representation, XXX ensuring XXXX representatives stay XXXXXXXXXXX to their XXXXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="XX">XXXXX developments XXXX XXX a number XX negative impacts on XXXXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX, the implementation of XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX such XX surveillance XXX led XX a loss of privacy for constituents. (Slobogin, 2002) XXXXXXXX, XXX privatisation of XXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XX healthcare and education has XXX XX lower XXXXXX segments XX XXX population being XXXXXX out XX affording such XXXXXXXXX services. (XXXXXX and Koma, 2019) XXX example, Boustan et al (XXXX) XXXXX how rising XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX was observed in XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX with XXXXXXX XXXXXXX. (XXXXXXX XX al, XXXX) Finally, privatisation XX XXX XXXXXXX system XXX lead to XXX XXXXX of XXXXXXXXX XXX poor XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX for XXXXXXX. XXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX of government functions XXX XXXXX the democratic XXXXXX of XXXXXXXX, XX XXX corporations in charge XX XXXXXX services may XXX XX XXXX accountable. (XXXXXXX, XXXX)</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="s1">Boustan, L., Ferreira, F., Winkler, H., & Zolt, E. X. (2013). The effect of XXXXXX XXXXXX inequality on XXXXXXXX XXX public expenditures: Evidence XXXX US municipalities and XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, XXXX–2000.<em>Review of Economics and XXXXXXXXXX</em>,<em>XX</em>(4), 1291-1302.</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">XXXXX, N., XXXXXX, X. G., & Justice, X. B. (2018). XXXXX cities, transparency, XXXXX technology XXX XXXXXXXXXXX government. XX<em>XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX</em>(pp. XX-XX). Springer, XXXX.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">Madumo, O. S., & Koma, S. B. (2019). XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in XXXXX XXXXXX: XXX Quest XXX XXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX.<em>Journal XX XXXXXXX on XXXXXX Economics</em>,<em>X</em>, 581-590.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="XX">XXXXXXXX, X. (XXXX). XXXXXX privacy: XXXXXX surveillance of XXXXXX places and XXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXXXX.<em>Miss. lJ</em>,<em>XX</em>, 213.</span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">XXXXX, X. H. (2017). Reinventing and redesigning XXXXX government. XX<em>Leadership XXX XXXXXX in XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX</em>(pp. 17-XX). Routledge.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">XXXXXXX, X. R. (XXXX).<em>Outsourcing sovereignty: Why XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX functions threatens democracy and what XX XXX do about it</em>. XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX Press.</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">QUESTION X:</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX">Define XXX major roles XX XXXXXXXXX and how XXXXX XXXXX influences XXXXX leadership XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX.</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">Your XXXXXXXX should be at least 300 XXXXX in length.</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="XX">Governors, XXX are appointed public leaders in charge of XXXXX, XXXXXXX and XXXXXX, typically play a XXXXX XXX pivotal role in leading new strategic initiatives and XXXXXXX the legislature to implement sound laws which benefit XXXXXXXXXXXX.<span XXXXX="Apple-converted-XXXXX"></span></span></p> <p><span class="s1"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">XXXXXXXX, governors XXX typically XXXXXXXX in signing or XXXXXXX bills XXXXXX by the legislature, XXX also take XX XXX XXXX of XXX XXXXXXXXX-in-XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXX’s XXXXXXXX. (XXXXXXXX, XXXX) XXXXX XXX constitutional XXXXXX that XXXX governors XXXXX XXXX to execute.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="XX" <XXX="" <="" span="">&XX;span XXXXX="s1"&XX;governor XXXXX plays a XXXXXXX role in setting XXX XXXXXXXXXXX direction for XXX XXXXX senate and House XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX in areas XXXX XX health XXXX, education, and XXX XXXXXXXXXXX. (Ferguson XXX XXXX, XXXX) Furthermore , XXX governor has a XXXX vote XXXXX can XX XXXX XX XXXXXXX or stop XXX XXXXX of XXXXXXX legislative XXXXXXXXXXX XX the governor XXXXX that they XXX XXX in XXX XXXXXXXX of XXX XXXXX. XXXX allows the governor XX play a XXXXXXXXX range XX roles in the XXXXXXXXXXX process.<span class="XXXXX-converted-XXXXX"></span></span></p> <p><span XXXXX="s1"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">Some governors XXXX served XX XXXXX several XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX as state senators, grassroots leaders XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX to push through significant XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX, while XXXXX governors were known for XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX factional interests and privileging XXXXX XXXXX above XXXXXX. Furthermore, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXX as XXXXXX Schwarzenegger could XXXX XX XXXX XXXXXXXXX in galvanising public support for XXXXXXXX policy initiatives, as XXXX were seen XX XXXXXX XXXXXXX who were able XX win XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX in order XX push through important initiatives XXX XXXXX state.<span class="XXXXX-converted-space">(Ferguson and Barth, XXXX)</span></span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s3">Governors XXX also XX XXXXXXXX XX set XXX broad legislative agenda, XXX XXXXXXX between several XXXXXXXXX interests to come to a legislative XXXXXXXXX. Finally, XXXXXXXXX have the power XX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXX persuade lawmakers and XXXXXXXXXXXX of the necessity of a certain XXXXXXXXXXX initiative, XXXXX XXXX the governor is XXXXXXX with a XXXX public office that can XX XXXX to great effect in XXXXXX.<span XXXXX="Apple-converted-XXXXX"></span></span></p> <p><span XXXXX="s1"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">XX XXXXXXXXXX, governors play a XXXXXXXX role in XXXXXXX the legislative XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXX personalities XXX be a major determinant XX XXX success XX a legislative initiative.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">XXXXXXXXXX</span></p> <p><span XXXXX="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">XXXXXXXX, M. R., & XXXXX, J. (XXXX). Governors in XXX legislative arena: The importance XX XXXXXXXXXXX in XXXXXXX success.<em>Political Psychology</em>,<em>23</em>(X), XXX-XXX.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">Ferguson, M. R. (2003). Chief XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX in XXX legislative XXXXX.<em>State XXXXXXXX & XXXXXX Quarterly</em>,<em>X</em>(2), XXX-XXX.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span class="XX">Jong, X., XXXXXXX, M. L., & XXX der XXXXXX, X. G. (XXXX). XXXXXXXXXX XX mayors and XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX: a XXXXXXXXXX review on tasks and XXXXXXXXXXXXX.<em>XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXX and Crisis Management</em>,<em>24</em>(1), XX-58.</span></p> <p><span class="XX"></span> </p> <p><span XXXXX="s1">XXXXXX, J. R. (2005). XXX XXXXXX XX XXXXXXX government XX legislative production.<em>XXXXXX XXXXXX</em>,<em>123</em>(1-X), 217-233.</span></p>">
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