This essay XXXX argue XXXX the prosecution of pregnant women XXX abuse drugs is XXXXXXXXXXX XX it XXXX disproportionately XXXXX blacks XXX does XXX effectively solve XXX underlying structural XXXXXX that XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX to engage in XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXX put XXXXX XXXXXX children at risk, XXX XXXX will not act as an effective XXXXXXXXX.
XXXXXXXX, prosecuting XXXXXXXX drug addicts XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX burdens blacks and fails to serve as an XXXXXXXXX deterrent for XXXX XXXX-risk XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXX (2011) XXXXX in a study XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of pregnant drug addicts are ineffective, XX they deprive XXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX custody, and XX XXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX or treatment XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX more adequately XXXXXXX XXX issue of XXXXXXXX drug XXXXXXX XXX the XXXXXXX XXXX pose to their unborn children XXXX a XXXXXX health perspective. XXXX XX prosecute XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX instead XXXXXXXXXX such individuals, leaving them XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX at XXXXXXXXX disadvantage, XXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX of them pursuing XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XX avoid legal XXXXXXXXXXXX from XXXXX drug XXXXXXXXXX. (XXXXXXXXX, 2011) If XXXX to jail or XXXXX onerous fines for their XXXXXXXXXX, XXXX XXXX addicts XXXXX continue to then be financially disadvantaged, XXXXXXX XXXX XX a worse XXXXXXXX to care for XXXXX XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX address the XXXX of XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX XXXXXXX or economic advancement XXXX XXXXX one to XXXXXX a XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX, which are XXX more XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX to XXXXXXX in XXXXXX to solve the issue XX pregnant drug XXXXXXX XXX the XXXX XXXX pose to XXXXX XXXXXX children. XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX drug addicts XXXX increases XXX XXXXXXXXXX that XXXX XXXXX XXXX XXXXX drug addictions, which XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX prospects XXX XXXXXX XX XX XXXX without XXXXXXX knowing about their XXXXXXX’ drug XXXXXXXXXX. As a result, these XXXXXX XXXXX be XXXXXXXX disadvantaged XX XXX appropriate XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXX care options XXXX not be administered to XXXX, while XXXXX XXXXXXXX may be misdiagnosed as other conditions. XXXXXXXXXX, it would XX XXXXX to provide amnesty for pregnant XXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX them and their XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX to seek treatment XXX their condition, thus XXXXXXXX for more effective XXXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX XXX XXXX the XXXXXX and XXX XXXXX. Finally, XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX of XXXXX women through prosecution of pregnant drug addicts may be XXXXXXXXX XX a fundamental violation XX human rights. (Mohapatra, XXXX)
XXXXXX health-based rehabilitation programmes should be XXXX XXXXXXX XX prosecution of XXXXXXXX XXXX addicts. Mohapatra (2011) XXXXX that XXX XXX of a holistic XXXXXX health XXXXX could improve both XXXXX XXX child health XXXXXXXX. (XXXXXXXXX, 2011) This XX supported XX a study XX Stone-XXXXXXX (XXXX), XXX contends that XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XX more XXXXXXXXX than XXXXXXXX prosecution in XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX and their children.
In XXXXXXXXXX, prosecution XX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX is an ineffective XXXXXX XXXXXXX to reduce harms to unborn XXXXX children, while XXXX XXXXXXX a disproportionately high burden on the XXXXX XXXXXXXXX. Other XXXXXXXX, such as rehabilitation XXX advocacy XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXX be used XXXXXXX XXX greater efficacy. XXX XXXX XX pregnant drug addicts and the potential XXXXX XX XXXXX XXXXXX children XXXX, however, demonstrate Kennedy’s XXXXXXXXX that it XX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXXX "XXXXXXX, or for whom, a given disparity is harmful.”, XXX that XXX holistic XXXXX XX all stakeholders must be XXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX in deciding XX the XXXX policy option XX address an issue as serious XX pregnant XXXX addicts. (Kennedy, XXXX)
References
XXXXXXX, R. (2012). Race, crime, and the law. XXXXXXX.
Mohapatra, S. (XXXX). XXXXXXXXXXX addiction: X public XXXXXX approach to XXXX XXX during pregnancy. XXX. XX XXXXXX, & XXX'y, 26, XXX.
XXXXX-Manista, K. (XXXX). XXXXXXXXXX pregnant women: X guide XX successfully challenging XXXXXXXX XXXXX abuse XXXXXXXXXXXX of pregnant drug addicts. XXX Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, XXX-856.
XXXX X
X. XXXXXXXX to XXXX:
XXXX makes a number of XXXX-XXXXXXXXXXX points about the importance of XXXXXXX XXXXXX equality and female representation in XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX system. As the criminal justice XXXXXX is a XXXXXX XXXX affects XXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXXX, having XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX justice professionals, in the areas XXXX as court XXXXXXXX, XXXXXX, XXXXXXX and female officers, is XXXXXX problematic. XXXXXXX serials XXXX as ‘XXXXXX XX XXX New XXXXX’, and XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX in XXX New XXXX Times and XXXXXXXXXX XXXX, have XXXXXXX XX XXX problem of having a XXXX-XXXXXXXXX criminal justice XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX, which XXXXXXX XXXXX of power, perverse XXXXXX dynamics, XXXXXX rates XX sexual assault XXX XXXXXXXXXX, and a less humane XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX. Clearly, XX XXXX has pointed out, we XXXX XXXX XXXXXXX XX professionals in XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX, XXX XXX notion XXXX ‘XXXX profession XX XXXX XXX a XXXX’ , with an XXXXXXXX on ‘masculinity and XXXXXXXXX’ XXX to be transitioned to a more progressive XXX gender-neutral profession, which is less XXXXXX XXX XXXX-XXXXXXXXX. However, as in the XXXX XX sectors with clear XXXXXX disparities, such XX the military, XXXXX will still XXXXXX concerns XX XXXXXXXXXXX power dynamics without a XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX. In other words, even XX XXXXX XXX XXXX female criminal justice XXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXX XX discrimination, dominance XXX XXXXX of power by XXXX criminal XXXXXXX professionals will XXXXXX unless XXXXX XX a XXXXX in XXXXXXX XXXXXX one XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX justice professionals. XXXX is XXX XXXX way in XXXXX McNamara and XXXXX (2009) will have XXXXX vision of ‘XXXXXXX XXXXXXX to be accepted among the XXXXX’ XXXXXXXX - XXXXXXX a XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX in XXX ‘police XXXXXXX which emphasizes XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXX’, XX one XXXXX, XXXX Scandinavian police systems, XXXXXXXXX rehabilitation, XXXXXXXX and humanity.
2. Response XX Queta
XXX-determined XXXXXX XXXXXXXX, XXXXX XXX concepts XXXXX how males XXX XXXXXXX should behave, XXXXX and XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX problematic, and XXX XX encoded into laws and discriminatory practices XXXX tragic XXXXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX and Burns (2003) indeed XXXXX, XX XXXXX has XXXXX, to an important truth when XXXX XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX identity XXX roles, and XXX case of XXX XXXXXX rape XXXXXX who committed XXXXXXX XXXXXX the XXXXX XX her male teacher rapist XX indeed an unfortunate consequence XXX a miscarriage of XXXXXXXXX. The nature of several societies XXXXX XX indeed XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX male XXXXXXXXX, and XXXX XXXXX to XX done to XXXXXX XXXXX XXXX the fundamental rights, XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXX to XXXXX equal XX men. Beyond XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of the XXXXXXXXX role of gender XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXX roles, however, there needs to be XXXX discussion XXXXX the practical XXXXXXXXXX in which gender identity, roles and XXXXXXXX connotations can be XXXXXXX. Queta XXXXX have XXXXXXXXX how XXXXX XXXXXX, greater XXXXXX representation in XXXXXXXX justice XXXXXXX, greater civic XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXX for women’s rights, and XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX play an XXXXXXXXX role in transforming how societies XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX the XXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXX XXX women. This XXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX stakeholders, but change is possible, XX make it such XXXX the XXXX XXXXXXXXXX are just.
X. XXXXXXXX to XXXX
Shan’s points about XXX XXXXXXXXX XX men in criminal XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XX sexism, XXX the subtle XXX nuanced XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX important XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX the XXXXXX of XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX system today. XX XXXXXXXX XX XX (XXXX) and XXXXXXX (XXXX) observe, XXXXXX inequalities and XXXX dominance in several XXXXXX XX XXXXX prevalent, XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX from achieving the XXXXX rights XXX XXXXXX aspirations they deserve. However, XXXX’s points about XXX reaction XXXXXXX XXXXX’s rights, in terms of memory disorders and scams, are less clear. XX this a XXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXX’s rights, or a consequence of XXX lack XX women’s XXXXXX in certain areas? XX XX XXXXX that XXXX addresses XXXXXXX pressing XXXXXX XXXXX gender XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX in the criminal justice XXXXXX, that XXXXXX be addressed, XXX it is XXXX important XXX us to be clear minded about XXX specific XXXXXX XX XXXX that XXXX XX XX addressed.
4. XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX
Melvin XXXXXXXX a XXXX-XXXXXXXXXX and thoughtful response to XXX challenges faced by XXXXXX criminal justice XXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX paid to the XXXXX of harassment, unfair XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, neglect, workplace hostility and XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX in XXX XXXXXX XX their XXXX, from academic XXXXXXXXXX such as XXXXXX, XXXX, Rabe-Hemp, 2007, XXXXXXX, 2018 XXX XXXXXXX, XXXX. Clearly, women in XXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXX an uphill XXXXXX in dealing with XXXXXXXXXX and the XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX society, XXX face XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX mental health XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX male counterparts, in a profession XXXX is already XXXX-XXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX it XXXXXX XX XXX officers. XX order XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX, it XXXXX be XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX data on XXX are the XXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXX harassment, unfair XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX by female XXXXXX XXXXXXXX. This XX because XXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX should XX used XX XXXXXXX these XXXXXX XXXX greatly, XXXXXXXXX XX whether supervisors, peers, XXXXXXXXXXXX or community XXXXXXX XXX XXX XXXXXXXX of such persecution against female XXXXXX officers. XXXXXXX, to have a more equitable XXX XXXX XXXXXX force XXXXXXXX XX a significantly XXXXX number of XXXXXX police officers, these XXXXXX need to XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX.