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This essay will argue that the descendants of American slaves should not receive reparations, because of the insincerity, absolution and divisiveness of such a policy. This essay fully acknowledges that African-Americans, the descendants of American slaves, are owed a tremendous debt that cannot be paid back by American society, for centuries of abuse, systemic discrimination and trauma suffered at the hands of white Americans and the American state. However, this essay continues to hold that descendants of American slaves should not receive reparations for the above mentioned reasons.
Foremost, reparations would be an insincere way to deal with the legacy of the trans-atlantic slave trade and its continued impacts XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. Reparations, no matter XXX XXXXXXXXX or XXXX, XXXXX be XXXXXXXXXXXX to pay XXXXXXX Americans XXXX XXX the XXXX history of XXXXX, trauma XXX mistreatment XXXXXXXX XX slaveowners and XXXXXXX. [X] Reparations XXXXX clearly XXXX short XX the restorative XXXXXXX XXXX to XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, as XXX XXXXXXXXXX of a XXXXXXXX XXXXX to XXX harms inflicted upon XXXX XXXXX, by XXXXXXXXXX, limit XXX XXXXX of XXXXX suffering. Furthermore, reparations, XX a XXXXXX, XX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX address XXX XXXXXXXXX inequalities in healthcare, XXXXXXXXX XXX opportunity between XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXX of XXXXX ethnicities, as it is XXXX a one-XXXX XXXXXX.[2]
Secondly, XXXXXXXXXXX would absolve Americans XXX descended from XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX oppressive classes from XXX historical guilt they XXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX would symbolically XXXXX XXX chapter XX slavery XXX XXX continuing XXXXXXX, and give XXXXXXXXXX to critics who XXXXX contend that after XXXXXXXXXXX, the XXXXXXXXX disadvantages faced by African Americans are no XXXXXX the XXXXX XX systemic oppression, but XXXXXX XX be XXXXXXXXXXX for alone.[X] XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX be XXXXXXX in XXXXXXX the problems caused XX the continued XXXXXX of XXXXXXX in America. In fact, it is also worth XXXXXXXXXXX XXXX even XXXXX the XXXXXXXXX of slavery, discrimination XXXXXXXXX to XXXXX, which XXX to be eviscerated XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX drawn-out civil rights movements. XXX XXXXXXX, the XXX Crow laws XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX de XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in the South, Reagan’s administration passed XXXX XXXX criminalized XXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXX XXXXXX to XXXXXXXXXX, and de facto XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX to exist in much XX America XXXXX XXXXXXX the XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX. It XXX XXXX through XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX rights XXXXXXXXX such as the XXXXX Civil Rights XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXX change was XXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX the XXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX through large-scale movements such as XXXXX rights XXXXXXXXX.
Finally, XXXXXXXXXXX would be XXXXXXXX. In an American society which XX XXXXXXX XXXX political XXXXXXXXXXXX and ideological divisiveness, XXXXXXX XXXX a XXXXXX (for XXXXXXX, through the XXXXXXXX-led XXXXX at present) would only serve XX further divide XXX XXXXXXXX government, XXXXXXXXXX and people. XXXX if reparations were successfully XXXXXX, this would only close XXX XXXX XX XXXXXX cooperation on XXXXXX XXXX XX XXXXXXXXXX inequality XXX educational inequality that XXX the XXXXXX XXXXXX of XXXXXXX.[4]
XX conclusion, while XXXXXXXXXXX XXX an XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX, XXXX represent an overly simplistic XXX XXXXXXXXXXX way to XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XX descendants XX American XXXXXX. As XXXX are XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX XXX offer false absolution as a XXXXXX, XXXX essay contends XXXX XXX descendants of XXXXXXXX XXXXXX should XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX as a XXXX of ‘XXXXXX institutional apologies’. [X] Rather, the XXXXXXXX people XXXXXX XXXXXX XXX a more XXXXXXXXXXXXX and deep XXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXX legacy of slavery.
Endnotes
[1] McGary, Howard. "Reconciliation and reparations."MetaphilosophyXX, no. 4 (XXXX): 546-562.
[X] XXXXX, Van B. "Political XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX: African American XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX image XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX."U. Haw. X. Rev.XX (XXXX): XXX.
[X] Walker, Margaret XXXXX. "Restorative XXXXXXX XXX reparations."Journal XX social XXXXXXXXXX(2006).
[X] XXXX.
[X] Swarns, XXXXXX X. "272 slaves were XXXX to XXXX XXXXXXXXXX. What does it owe XXXXX descendants?."XXX XXXX Times16 (2016).
XXXXXXXXXX
XXXXXXX, D. X. "Georgetown University, XXXXXXXX from its sins."XXX XXXX TimesXX (XXXX).
XXXXX, XXX B. "Political XXXXXXXX convergence: African XXXXXXXX reparations and XXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXXX democracy."U. XXX. X. XXX.25 (XXXX): 253.
XXXXXX, Howard. "XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX reparations."Metaphilosophy41, no. X (XXXX): 546-562.
Swarns, Rachel L. "272 slaves XXXX XXXX XX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX. What does it owe XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX?."New York XXXXX16 (2016).
XXXXXX, Margaret Urban. "Restorative XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXX."XXXXXXX of social philosophy(2006).
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