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<p>XXXXXX's XXXXXXXXX Triad envisions a XXXXXXXXXXXXX alliance between XXX XXXXX XXX stakeholders XX U.S. XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX providers, XXXXX grid operators and the XXXXXXXX. The XXXXX leg of the Defensive XXXXX XXXXXXXX the use of federal legislation backed XX XXX Pentagon to regulate Internet XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXX basic XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX defense XXXXXXXXX for XXXXXX and XXXXXXX sector entities, XXXXXX XXX power XXXX, XXX restructure cybersecurity infrastructure XX eliminate XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX.</p> <p>XXX XXXXXX XXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXX Triad XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX Service Providers such XX Verizon XXX TMobile XXXXXXXXXXX inspecting all XXXX flowing XX the continental XXXXXX States XXX XXX presence of cybersecurity XXXXXXX such XX XXXXXXX, Trojan horses, logic XXXXX and other XXXX XXXXXXX. XXXX should also XXXXXXXXX deep packet inspection and monitoring systems, a XX network XXXXXXXXX infrastructure to inspect XXXX before it enters XXX XXXXXXX, a XXXXXXXXXXX to XXXXXX customers XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XX part of a XXXXXXXXX botnet networking, XXX XXX right to XXXX access to customers who XX XXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX security XXXXXXXX, such XX XXXXXXXX and cybersecurity XXXXXXXX updates, even after being XXXXXXXX XX a XXXXXXXXXXXXX breach.</p> <p>XXX final leg of the Defensive Triad involves the XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXX companies XXXXXXXXX the power XXXX XX a XXXXXXX isolated XXXX XXX internet. XXXXXXXXX such XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX infrastructure XXXXXXXX basic attacks from XXXXXXX XXXX Internet XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX the power grid XXXXXXX, and ensures that the power XXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XXX Internet.</p> <p>XXXXXXXXXXXXX, flaws, challenges, and potential success XX implementing a XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX that adheres to his XXXXXXXXX XXXXX concept.</p> <p>XXX Defensive Triad XXXXXXX XX highly XXXXXXXXX if implemented XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, and XXXXXXXXX such XX Israel, XXXXXX XXX China have XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX robust XXXXXXXXXXXXX systems by adopting XXXX or XXX of XXX Defensive Triad's principles. However, XXX XXX challenges XXX flaws of XXX XXXXXXX of XXXX a XXXXXX are XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX with XXX coverage XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX by XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX of XXX Defensive XXXXX. Foremost, the XXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXX XXX cover other XXXXXX, XXXX as consumers XXXX third party XXX XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX and non governmental organizations XXX may XXXXXX XXXXXXXX security vulnerabilities that XXXXXX be XXXXXXX XXXXX the umbrella XX XXX XXXXXXXXX Triad's influence. Secondly, the Defensive XXXXX approach is XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX many XXXXXXX democracies XXXX as XXX United States, XXX XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXXXX such as XXX protection of online XXXXXXX XXX net neutrality. XXX Defensive XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX engaging in XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX such as the policing of internet traffic and data, which may XXXXXX in privacy and democratic XXXXX right XXXXXXXXXX XXXX would not XX accepted XX XXXXXXXX stakeholders XXXX XX consumer rights XXXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXX XXXXXX watchdogs.</p> <p>X. XXXXXXX the “elements” impacting XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, then XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX three elements you XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXX be in the top-tier from a XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX (impact on XXX XXXXXX, cost, XXX.), and outline how (XXX specific real world XXX XXXXXXXXXXX examples) those XXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXX the American people (XXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX, companies, XXXXXXXXXXXXX).</p> <p>The elements XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XX categorized into XXXXXXXX XXX external XXXXXXXX XXX are as XXXXXXX.</p> <p>Internal XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX vulnerabilities, XXXXXX XXXXXXX, talent XXXXXXXXX in funding and XXXXXX opportunities among XXXXXXXXXXXXX organizations, XXX lack of response XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXX federal XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXX cybersecurity, and XXX inability XX accurately update networks in accordance with XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX for cybersecurity XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. X classic case of XXXX an XXXXXXXXXXXXXX of vulnerability XXX XXX Dragonfly XXXXX which XXX Russian XXXXXX XXX XXXXXX the XX XXXXXXXXXX energy water XXX aviation sectors, XXXXXXXXX workstations XXX critical XXXXXX on a XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX restricted XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX control XXXXXXX.</p> <p>External XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XX an XXXXXXXXX XXXX from XXXXXXX XXXX XXX-XXXXX actors, XXXXXXX XXXXXX, XXX XXX increasing anonymity XX cybersecurity attackers.</p> <p>XXX top three elements are XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX increasing XXXXXXXX anonymity. XXXXXXXX of how XXXX can lead to XXXXXXXX XXXXX security breaches XXX as follows. For example, the XXXXXX XXXXXX States government shutdown led to XXX XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXX of a hundred XXXXXXXX employees XXXXXX the XXXXXX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX critical cyber-security XXXXXXXXXXX. Attackers XXXXX then exploit vulnerabilities XXXX XXXXXX by unmanned cyber XXXXXXXX systems XXXXX XXXX not XXXXXX by the government XXXXXXXX. Furthermore, XXX XXXXXXXXXXX of the XXXXXX XXXXXX government has XXXX talented XXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXX experts XX XXXX XXXX from careers in XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX in favor XX XXXX XXXXXXXXX and productive XXXXXXX in the XXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXXX XXXXX XXXXXX in XXXXXXXX cyber security vulnerabilities XXXX XXXX not be fixed over time.</p> <p>XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XX XXXXX security infrastructure XXXXXXXX can be found in XXX leaking XX Hillary XXXXXXX's XXXXXX as Secretary XX State, which constituted a XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX scandal that XXXXXXXX in the XXXXXXX of her presidential campaign XXXXX in XXXX. This XXX a XXXXXXX example XX access control XXXXXXX, when Hillary Clinton allowed her XXXXXX XX XX accessed XXX a XXXXX-party and leaked XX XXX XXXXXXXX.</p> <p>XXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXX XX a key XXXXXXX in cyber XXXXXXXX infrastructure XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX as it prevents the holding accountable XX cyber-security XXXXXXXXX. XXXXXX back XX regimes such XX XXXXXX, XXXXX, Israel, XXX XXXX XXX able XX act with impunity XXX tremendous influence XXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXX attacks, and given XXX difficulty XXXX which government such XX XXX XXXXXX XXXXXX are able to trace them. XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXX XXX also XXXXXXX advanced XXXXXXXXXX XXXX as XXXX XXXXXX Inspection, XXXX XXXXXXXXXX Firewalls, Virtual Private XXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXX and XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX, Cloud Services, Cryptographically Strong XXXXXXXX, Authentication and protocols XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXX Controls XXXXXXXXXXXX for the prevention XX XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX attacks, XXXXX that XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXX XXX able to predict where the next XXXXXX XX coming XXXX, or who XXX most XXXXXXXXX perpetrators might be.</p> <p>4. Outline the XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXX’s (XXX) and the Department XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX (DHS) responsibilities XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXX to fight (XXXXXXX and XXXXXXX) in XXX Cyber XXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX each faces in successfully XXXXXXXXX XXXXX responsibilities; XXX, provide XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX of what XXXXXXX you XXXXXXX should be taken to improve XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of these XXX departments to enable them to meet their mission objectives.</p> <p>XXX XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXX XXX Department XX Defense XXX XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX States government agencies XXXXXX with XXX XXXXX collaboration and protection XX United States XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX. The XXXXXXXXXX XX Defense XX responsible for cybersecurity threats on the XXXXXXXX XXXXX, XXXX as a XXXXX XXXXXX on military infrastructure. XXX XXXXXXXXXX of Defense remains subordinate XX the XXXXXXX Department XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. On the other XXXX, the XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX for XXX XXXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX XXXXX security strategies, XXXXX comprise XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXX security breaches XXX social media feeds, XXXXXXXXXX, securitizing of XXXXXXX networks, XXXXX XXXXXXXX response and XXXXXXXXXXXX, XXX XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXX infrastructure, the coordination XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX intelligence XXXXXXXXXXX, seven security XXXXXXXXX, public education, XXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX development. XXX much broader XXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX's XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX cyber security ensure XXXX the XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX should XXXX XXX lead in the XXXXXXXXXXXX XX cybersecurity efforts across XXX United States.</p> <p>XX XXXXXXXXXX XXX performance of XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX on the XXXXX security coordination and XXXXXXXXXX front, it is XXXXX noting that there is frequent XXXXXXXXX of both XXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXX their XXXXXXXX for overreaching XXXXX responsibilities and violating XXXXX rights XXX privacy concerns in their attempts XX XXXXXX United States cyber XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX. Furthermore, XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX in XXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX Department XX Homeland Security XXX the XXXXXXXXXX of Defense, XXX a collaborative approach is required XX ensure the XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX in XXX United States XXX a resilient regime against XXXXX security XXXXXXX. XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX signed between XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX is one example of XXXX an XXXXXXX. XXXX XXXXX involve XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX-sharing, XXXXX training, XXX personnel XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX both agencies in order to ensure a XXXX synergistic XXXXXXXX to the XXXXXXXXXX of security XXXXXXX across XXXXXXXX dimensions.</p> <p>5. Provide a description of what XXXXX systems are, how XXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXX XX systems, the XXXXXXXXXX XX SCADA XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX, the XXXXX XXXX generations XX SCADA, and the XXXXXXXXXXXXX vulnerabilities XXX challenges XXXXXX XX sectors; finish with XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX of XXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XX XX XXXXX to ensure this aspect XX XXX XXX XX XXXXXX.</p> <p>XXXXX (Supervisory XXXXXXX XXX XXXX Acquisition) systems XXX a control system XXXXXXXXX comprising XX supervisory computers, XXXXXX terminal XXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, communications infrastructure XXX XXXXXXXXX human machine interfaces for XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX of a computer network. XXXXX was XXXXXXX to XXXXX universal remote access XX XXXXX local control XXXXXXX, and XXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXX supervisory XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX, XXXX as XXXXX XXXXXXX XXX intermediary nodes.</p> <p>XXX history of XXXXX XX closely XXXXXX XXXX its integration into IT systems. SCADA systems XXX be XXXXXXXXXX with XX systems found in XXXXXXXXXX, infrastructure, and facility XXXXXXXXX. XXXXX include information XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX found in XXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, oil XXX gas pipelines, XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX and HVAC XXX filtering systems. XXXXXXX, SCADA systems were previously seen XX XXXXXXXXXXX to IT systems, and it XXX XXXX in the XXXXX XXXXX XXXX XX XXXXX XXXX XX SQL XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX adopted XX XXXXX XXXXXX developers, XXXXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX XX XX XXXX efficient and XXXXXXXXXX.</p> <p>SCADA XXXXXXX XXX tremendously XXXXXXXXX to XXXXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX XXXX of XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXX numerous. They include the XXXX, robust, accessible XXXXXX XX XXXXX systems that XXXXXX XXX SCADA system security, XXX XXXXX from XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXXXXXX solutions that increases XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX within XXXXX systems XX XXXX more avenues XXX attackers XX XXXX entry, XXX risk XX an XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXX to access sensitive login information XXXXX standard attack types, the lack XX XXXXXXXX and authentication XXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX on physical XXXXXXXX given XXXX XXX XXXXXX XX disconnected from XXX internet, XXX the lack XX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. Furthermore, recent XXXXXXXX has XXXXX XXXX SCADA XX XXXXXXXXXX XX an XXXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX (EMP) attack, as XXXX an attack XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX SCADA systems XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXX rendering XXXX XXXXXX to reboot and XXXXXX.</p> <p>XXX three main XXXXXXXXXXX of SCADA systems are as follows. XXX first XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX systems were monolithic, comprising XXXXX microcomputers in an XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX that XXX isolated from all other XXXXXXX. XXXXXXXXXXXXXX were isolated as well, XXX the redundancy for XXX XXXXXX XXXX in the XXXX of a separate XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX. XXX second generation XX SCADA systems XXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, and operated XX XXXXXXXXXXXX commands and information XXXXXX numerous XXXXXXXX stations XXXXXX a Local XXXX Network. XXX second XXXXXXXXXX of XXXXX systems were XXXXXXXXXXXXX by XXXXX operating costs, XXXXXXXXXXX protocols XXX XXXX security. XXXXX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX incapable XX communicating with systems XXXX XXXXXXXXX vendors. Finally, XXX third generation XX XXXXX systems XXXX known as XXXXXXXXX systems, as XXXX XXXX XXXXXX XXXXXX multiple XXX XXXXXXXX known as XXXX. XXXXX XXXX generally XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXX cost XXXXXXXXX XXXX XXXXXXXX generations XX XXXXX systems, XXXX XXX added XXXXXXX XX XXXX XXXXX system XXXXX able to communicate XXXX systems XXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.</p> <p>XX build XXXX XXXXXX XXXXX XXXXXXX, it XX necessary XXX cybersecurity XXXXXXXXX to invest in 'XXXXXXX in depth' strategies and more robust XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. XXX integration of IOT XXXXX and real XXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX monitoring is also XXXXXXX to ensure XXXX SCADA systems improve XXXX XXXX.</p> <p>XXXXXXXXXX</p> <p>XXXXX, J.X., XXXXXXXXX, L., XXXX, W.E., Phillips, C.X., XXXXXX, X.P.: Sensor placement in XXXXXXXXX water XXXXXXXX. Journal of XXXXX XXXXXXXXX Planning and XXXXXXXXXX 131(3), 237–243 (XXXX)</p> <p>XXXXXXX, X., XXXXX-XXXXXXX, S.: XXXXXX – XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX with Real-Time XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. In: Park, X., Chee, S. (eds.) ICISC 2004. XXXX, vol. 3506, pp. XXX–XXX. XXXXXXXX, Heidelberg (2005)</p> <p>XXXXXXXXXX, Gus P., XXX XXXXX X. XXXXX. "Foundational questions XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX XXXX in cybersecurity." J. Nat'l Sec. X. & Pol'y 4 (2010): XXX.</p> <p>XXXXXXX, X., Polycarpou, X.: XXXXXXXX XX Water Infrastructure Systems. XX: XXXXXX, X., XXXXXXXXXXX, S. (XXX.) CRITIS XXXX. LNCS, XXX. XXXX, XX. XXX–XXX. Springer, Heidelberg (2009)</p> <p>XXXXXXX, XXXX X. "Cybersecurity XXXXXX XXX challenges: in XXXXX." (XXXX).</p> <p>Guan, J., XXXX, M.M., XXXXXX, M.L., Grayman, X.M.: Identification XX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX in XXXXX distribution systems XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX–XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXX: XXXX XXXXX. Journal XX Water Resources Planning and Management 132(4), 252–262 (2006)</p> <p>XXXXXXXX, Richard X., XXX James X. Stever. "XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXX: Government, XXXXXXX sector partners, and the XXXXXXX cybersecurity XXXXXXX." XXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX X, no. X (XXXX).</p> <p>Richard A. Clarke and Robert X. Knake’s “Cyber XXX: XXX Next XXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX and XXXX to Do XXXXX It” (XXXXXX Collins, XXXX)</p> <p>XXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXX, Jordi Cucurull, and XXXXX XXXXX-Tehrani. "XXXXXXX detection in water XXXXXXXXXX systems." In Critical XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, pp. 98-XXX. Springer, Berlin, XXXXXXXXXX, XXXX.</p> <p>Luiijf, E., XXX, M., XXXXXXXX, X.: Assessing XXX XXXXXXXXX SCADA Security in the XXXXX Drinking Water Sector. XX: Setola, X., Geretshuber, S. (eds.) CRITIS XXXX. XXXX, vol. 5508, XX. 190–199. Springer, Heidelberg (XXXX)</p> <p>XXXXXXX, X., XXXXXXXX, E.: Optimal layout XX XXXXX warning detection XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. Journal XX Water Resources Planning and XXXXXXXXXX XXX(X), XXX–385 (2004)</p> <p>XXXXXX, R., XXXXXX, V.: Outside XXX closed XXXXX: On using machine learning XXX XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX. In: 2010 IEEE XXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXX (SP), pp. XXX–316 (XXXX)</p> <p>Zechman, E.X., Ranjithan, S.R.: XXXXXXXXXXXX computation-XXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX in a water XXXXXXXXXXXX system. XXXXXXX of XXXXX Resources Planning XXX Management 135(X), 334–343 (XXXX)</p> <p>Kurotani, X., Kubota, X., Akiyama, H., XXXXXXXX, X.: XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX in a water distribution network. In: XXXXXXXXXXX XX the XXXX IEEE XXXXX 21st International Conference XX Industrial Electronics, XXXXXXX, and Instrumentation, XXX. 2, XX. 792–XXX (1995)</p>">
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