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<p>The fourth agency is XXX X.S. military XXXXX XXXXXXXX drug interdiction XXXXXXX at both the XXXXX and XXXXXXX level by providing, "air and XXXXXX observation XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX, intelligence XXXXXXXX and linguists, XXXXXXXXXXXXXX and engineering support" (Levinthal, XXXX). XX addition, the XXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXXX civilian XXXXXXXX a variety XX skills XXXX XXX XX XXXXXXXX XX help in counter-XXXX XXXXXXXXXX (XXXXXXXXX, 2012).</p> <p><strong>3. Discuss the XXXXXXXXXXXXX issues related XX law XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX as XXXXXXXXX in XXXX text. XX XXXX to include the "XXXX courier profile", U.S. Supreme XXXXX XXXXXXX, XXX XXX XXXX significant XXXXXXXXX of drug-courier XXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX.</strong></p> <p>XX XXXX identify possible XXXX smugglers, drug-law enforcement XXXXXX developed what XXXX called, “drug courier profiles”. The XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXX XXXXXX XXX profiles XXX to XXX it to identify XXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX who XXXX most likely to commit drug trafficking XXXXXXXX. XXX problem behind this XXX XXXX officers were open to their own perceptions when choosing XXX XXXXXXXXX to profile. In XXXXXX XXXXXX v. Van XXXXX (XXXX), which is the first XXXX to XXXXXXX XXX XXXX courier XXXXXXXX, XXXXX were several characteristics XXXXXX XXXX caused federal agents XX have XXXX form of suspicion. XXXXXXX, as XXX court XXXXX were challenged, the number XX characteristics XXXXXX larger which ultimately XXXXXXX police XXXXXXXXXXX XX XXXX and XXXXXXXXXXX any XXXXXXXXXX commuting XX XXX (Lopez, n.d.). </p> <p>XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX profiling from XXX enforcement XXXXX XXXX the fact that some law XXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX created profiles XXXXX XX XXX XXXXXXXXXX’s XXXX or XXXXXX rather than an XXXXXXXX action. XXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXX racial XXXXXXXXX, XXXXX XXXXXXXX officers XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX because XXX XXXXXX XXX not XXX XXX social status. For example, an African American XXXX XXXXXXX an expensive XXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXXX XXXX XXXXX XXXX a white XXXX XXXXXXX the same car. XXXXXXX XXX controversy, XXXXX XXX some XXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXX racial profiling XXXXXXXX that XXXXXXX Americans, Latinos, XXXXXX and other XXXXXXXXXX XXX more likely XX XX in possession XX illegal drugs XXXX XXXXXX. XXXXXXX, through XXXXXXX different XXXXXXX, XXXXX XXX no viable information that would make this XXXXX XXXX. Under a Justice XXXXXXXXXX directive in 2003, racial XXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXX banned in all federal XXXXXXXX with law XXXXXXXXXXX (Levinthal, XXXX).</p> <p><strong>4. XXXX an overview of XXX two types of XXXXXXXXXXX: XXXXXXXX forfeitures XXX XXXXX forfeitures. XXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXX and XXXXXXXXXXX, how and XXXX XXXX, XXX any XXXXXXXXXX or precautions XXXX in each.</strong></p> <p>According to XXX U.S. XXXXXXXXXX XX XXXXXXX (XXXX), there are actually XXXXX types XX federal forfeitures that include criminal XXXXXXXXXX, civil judicial XXXXXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX. XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX occurs XXXX XXX state takes XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX or real XXXXXX because of XXX relationship to XXXX form of XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXX. Every state XX different with each XXXXXX their own laws XXX is XXXXX on XXX XXXXX or XXXXXX XXXXXXXXX and XXX laws XX XXXX particular XXXXX in XXXXX XXX crime XXX committed or where XXX property XX XXXXXXX. An example XXXXX XX a judge XXXXXXX a XXX XXXX was XXXX in the commission of a XXXXX (Larson, XXXX). </p> <p>XXXXX forfeiture is like the XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, however, in a XXXXX XXXXXXXXXX, the action XX XXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX XXXXXXXX only. XXXXXXX XXX XXXXX forfeiture XXXX XXXXXXX XX a preponderance of the evidence that a solid XXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXX XXX property and XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX has XXXXXXXX in order XX justify its forfeiture (XXXXXX, XXXX). XX XXXXXXX XXXXX XX XXXXXX believed to be from XXXXXXX XXXXXXX drugs. </p> <p>Another XXXX of the XXXXX XXXXXXXX forfeiture is administration forfeiture (XXXXXX, 2018). The XXXXXXXXXX XX Justice states that an administrative XXXXXXXXXX is, "an <i>in XXX</i> XXXXXX XXXX permits XXX federal seizing XXXXXX XX forfeit the property XXXXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXX. The authority for a seizing XXXXXX XX start an administrative forfeiture XXXXXX is XXXXX in the XXXXXX XXX XX XXXX, 19 U.S.X. § 1607. XXXXXXXX that can XX administratively XXXXXXXXX is XXXXXXXXXXX the importation XX which is XXXXXXXXXX; a XXXXXXXXXX used to XXXXXX, transport, or XXXXX a XXXXXXXXXX substance; a XXXXXXXX instrument; or XXXXX XXXXXXXX XXXX does not XXXXXX $XXX,XXX in value" (Types XX XXXXXXX Forfeiture, 2017). </p> <p>Resources<XX></p> <p>DEA Programs, XXXXX & Local XXXX Forces. (n.d.). XXXXXXXXX June XX, 2018, from <span class="MsoHyperlink"><a href="https://XXX.XXX.gov/XXX/XXXXXXXXXX.XXXXX">https://XXX.XXX.gov/XXX/taskforces.XXXXX</a></span> </p> <p>XXXXXX, X. (2018, April 13). XXXXXX XXX. XXXXXXXXX XXXX 09, 2018, XXXX <a href="XXXXX://www.XXXXXXXXX.XXX/library/criminal/forfeiture.html">https://www.expertlaw.XXX/XXXXXXX/XXXXXXXX/forfeiture.html</a> </p> <p>XXXXXXXXX, X. F. (2012). XXXXX, society, XXX criminal justice (XXX ed.). XXXXXX: XXXXXXXX XXXX. </p> <p>XXXXX, X. B. (n.d.). Origins XX XXX XXXX Courier Profile. XXXXXXXXX June 8, XXXX, XXXX <span class="XXXXXXXXXXXX"><a XXXX="http://XXXXXX.org/index.php?XXXXXX=com_content&view=XXXXXXX&id=921:origins-XX-XXX-XXXXXXXX&XXXXX=XXX&Itemid=XXX">XXXX://racism.org/XXXXX.XXX?option=com_content&view=XXXXXXX&id=921:XXXXXXX-XX-XXX-drug2012&catid=130&XXXXXX=XXX</a></span> </p> <p>Types XX XXXXXXX Forfeiture. (2017, XXXXXXXX X). Retrieved XXXX X, 2018, XXXX <a XXXX="XXXXX://www.justice.XXX/XXX/XXXXX-federal-forfeiture">XXXXX://www.justice.XXX/afp/XXXXX-federal-XXXXXXXXXX</a> </p> <p>XXXXXX XXXXXX v. XXXXX, XXX F. XX XXX - XXXXX XX Appeals, XXX XXXXXXX 1977 </p>">
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